crust and the upper mantle 地壳上地幔
rheology of the upper mantle 上地幔流变学
structure in the upper mantle 上地幔构造
anisotropy in the upper mantle 上地幔各向异性
the upper mantle magmatic source 上地幔岩浆源区
the crust and upper mantle 地壳与上地幔
Because of its proximity to Earth's core, the rock at the base of the mantle is much hotter than rock in the upper mantle.
由于靠近地核，地幔底部的岩石比上地幔岩石的温度高得多。
When a reservoir is sufficiently large, a sphere of this hot rock forces its way up through the upper mantle to Earth's surface, creating a broad bulge in the topography.
当储层足够大时，这种炽热岩石的一个球体强行通过上地幔上升到地球表面，在地形上形成一个宽阔的隆起。
The occurrence of pargasite reflects the participation of the upper mantle fluids and the metasomatism.
角闪石的出现反映上地幔流体的渗透及交代作用。
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