the transfer of the usufruct
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The premise of "without permission" is the actor who doesn't have the usufruct, which means the actor not only doesn't get the permission to apply, but also doesn't get the transfer of the trademark.
未经注册商标所有人许可的前提为行为人无注册商标使用权，即行为人既没有取得使用的许可，也没有取得商标的转让。
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