The trade surplus pours a steady stream of foreign-currency export earnings into China, funds the central bank buys up in exchange for local currency and holds in its official reserves.

贸易顺差给中国带来了稳定的外汇出口收益，给中国央行提供了收购资金以交换本币并维持官方储备。

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India has been able to accumulate over $250 billion of reserves in the past few years without ever running a trade surplus.

在过去短短几年中，印度在没有经营贸易顺差的情况下，能够积累价值超过2500亿的美元储备。

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An insurance company must hold the reserves; it can hold more and that's called the statutory surplus.

保险公司必须持有准备金，可以提取更多准备金，这叫做法定盈余。

youdao

An insurance company must hold the reserves; it can hold more and that's called the statutory surplus.

保险公司必须持有准备金,可以提取更多准备金,这叫做法定盈余

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Yet mitigating the risk of default is the fact that Ecuador's ability to service its debt has improved in recent months, as high energy prices, increased taxation of the oil sector and the state's take-over of Block 15 previously run by a US company, Occidental Petroleum (Oxy), are boosting the fiscal surplus and foreign reserves.

ECONOMIST: Ecuador's radical new president promises big changes

Of the three approaches, methods 1 and 3, using currency shares and empirics respectively to adjust for currency valuation effects, result in robust relationships between changes in currency-adjusted FX reserves and the BOP surplus, whereas method 2 using forex purchases as an alternative proxy for adjusted FX reserves is inferior.

FORBES: How Much Longer Can China Accumulate Reserves?

The island runs a large trade surplus, and its foreign reserves are the world's fourth largest, behind China, Japan, and Russia.

FORBES: Taiwan