Adults of this species burrow deeply into the substrate where it is cooler and perhaps moister.

这个物种的成虫深入到底层中，那里更凉爽，也许也更湿润。

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Covalent catalysis involves the substrate forming a transient covalent bond with residues in the active site or with a cofactor.

共价催化涉及底物与活性位点中的残基或与辅因子形成瞬时共价键。

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"Herons do a shuffling behavior to stir up the substrate" and find food, said Lockley.

劳克雷说，“鹭是通过慢慢移动来搅动底土层并找到食物的”。

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The tiny silicon wires stick up from the base,or substrate, looking something like a microscopic hair brush.

VOA: standard.2010.02.19

The company is also promising stronger backlighting, since the keys sit close to the substrate and there aren't rubber domes blocking the light source.

ENGADGET: Synaptics enters the keyboard market, announces the ThinTouch keyboard aimed at Ultrabooks

For this transfer to take place successfully, the materials have to be chosen so that the ink is more attracted to the substrate than it is to the stencil.

ECONOMIST: How to build tiny devices using miniature stencils

But it's hard to do that on a large screen because larger masks tend to sag in the middle and the materials then overlap on the substrate, making a mess of the pixels.

WSJ: TV Makers Seek Fatter Profits in Thinner Sets