Andrew Schubert, a researcher at the institute for science policy research, says that the rise in collaboration is partly out of necessity.

科学政策研究所的研究员安德鲁·舒伯特表示，合作的增长有一部分是出于必要性。

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Technological changes such as the rise of collaboration tools make it easier to multi-task: you can have a chat window, a word-processing document, a Web browser, and other applications all open at the same time on your computer, and switch easily between them.

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That's led some utopians, like Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams, authors of the book "Wikinomics, " to predict the rise of "mass collaboration" as the new form of economic organization.

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But with the rise of networked desktop, collaboration occurs electronically, not via paper.

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