The spectra show that the stars must have swallowed such planets during their expansive, red-giant stage.
光谱显示,这些恒星在膨胀的红巨星阶段肯定曾经吞没过这些行星。
The rate at which the raw material is being consumed is determined by studying ionized gas regions and the younger stars (yellow/red extended regions).
原料(尘埃)正在被消耗的速率是研究电离气体地区和年轻恒星(黄/红扩展区域)来决定的。
First, it's really old-past the Red Giant phase, when stars balloon in size and swallow up planets in close orbits.
首先,它太老了——甚至已经经过了红巨星阶段,红巨星阶段的恒星体积会迅速膨胀,并吞没近轨道的行星。
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