Their roots don't grow very deep, so the permafrost doesn't interfere with their growth.

它们的根长得不深，所以永久冻土不会影响它们的生长。

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There're two reasons for this: first, they live in the active layer, which, remember, contains water that doesn't penetrate the permafrost.

造成这种情况的原因有两个：首先，它们生活在活动层中，请记住，活动层中包含的水不会渗透永久冻土。

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The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface, with more contained in the planet's polar caps.

答案可能是，现在火星上几乎所有的水都被锁在地表下的永久冻土层中，更多的水被包含在这个星球的极地冰帽中。

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More than half the population of Chukotka and Magadan have fled the permafrost since the Soviet Union's collapse.

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Arctic ground squirrels survive body temperatures as low as 27 degrees Fahrenheit without freezing, during their long hibernation in the permafrost.

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The permafrost underneath those trees is melting, exposing deep layers of peat soil that has locked away carbon for thousands of years.

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