It is widely accepted in the field of the traditional intellectual property and usually used to analyze the parallel imports on international trade.

它在传统知识产权领域得到广泛认可，并被用来分析国际贸易中的平行进口问题。

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Combine it with regionalism of intellectual property, two theories are produce: international exhaustion doctrine and internal exhaustion doctrine, and the former is used to support parallel imports.

它与知识产权的地域性特征相结合，产生了权利国内穷竭和国际穷竭两种学说，国际穷竭说是用来支持平行进口的。

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The lawful entry of such parallel imports, however, depends upon a first sale abroad that is authorized by the holder of exclusive rights in the United States.

但是，这种平行进口的合法进入取决于在国外的首次销售得到了美国的独占权利人(独占被许可人)的授权。

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Manufacturers make much of the harm that parallel imports allegedly cause consumers.

ECONOMIST: When grey is good

Although the arguments about access to drugs through parallel imports and compulsory-licensing agreements may have some theoretical validity, the disincentive to investment provided by such measures is massive.

ECONOMIST: Homeward bound?

And in one way, as it will seriously disturb the market in grey or parallel imports, one they might be quite happy with.

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