By one estimate, only 40% of the increase in world grain output now comes from rises in yields and 60% comes from taking more land under cultivation.

据一项估计表明，世界粮食产量增长额的40%来自于纯产量增长，而60%依靠占用更多土地实现。

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So if the capital stock and the workforce both rise by 2% and output rises by 3%, TFP goes up by 1%.

因此如果资本存量和劳动力都增长了2%而产出增加了3%，那么TF P增加了1%。

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For a long time, the euro area has needed two things: first, that more of its people work; second, that their productivity (ie, output per hour) rises faster.

很长一段时间以来，欧元区需要两样东西：首先是它有更多的人从事工作，其次则是他们的生产率(每小时产出)增长的更快。

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As construction proceeds, the difference between the price of gas and the price of electricity widens and narrows, giving Duke the opportunity to sell more of the expected output if the price rises or sell output in future years to lock in profits on electricity it has yet to generate.

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Even if households and businesses are caught off guard by the policy, output rises and unemployment falls only temporarily, until households and businesses adjust their expectations to the new reality.

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The result is that, although output per worker rises only slowly or not at all, wages go up as fast as they do in the rest of the economy.

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