The neural connections between the VNO and the brain are separate from those of the main olfactory system, whose processing of odorants triggers sensations of smell.

VNO 和大脑之间的神经连接与主嗅觉系统是分开的，主嗅觉系统对气味的处理触发了嗅觉感觉。

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Especially challenging are those that result from head injuries, whether minor or severe, that disrupt the function of the body's smell receptors - olfactory nerve cells that lie outside the brain.

尤其具有挑战性的是头部损伤，无论轻微还是严重，能够扰乱位于大脑外面的身体嗅觉感受器—嗅球神经细胞功能。

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Moreover, Calderón-Garcidueñas has linked the pollutants with a breakdown in the lining of the nose, which could facilitate particles' access to olfactory highways serving the brain.

再者，卡尔德隆·加西杜埃尼亚斯认为鼻内膜损伤会使污染粒子更易于进入通往脑部的嗅觉通路。

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Analysis of the brains of the euthanized rats revealed decreased levels of Fos, a protein marker of neuronal activity, in the amygdala region of the brain while the olfactory signals appeared to block fear responses.

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In the study, funded by the Medical Research Council and published in the neurology journal Brain, the dogs had olfactory ensheathing cells from the lining of their nose removed.

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After cracking the code, Buck set out to trace the way connections extend from the olfactory bulb into the olfactory cortex, the part of the brain that processes odor signals.

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