Yet despite the Anglo-Dutch giant's formidable range of products and unprecedented depth of local knowledge, when rivals began to push harder its empire came under threat.

然而尽管这个英荷巨头有着强大的产品线以及空前的本地了解度，但当其竞争对手逐渐发力时，这个商业帝国便面临威胁。

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We forget about the enormous trading vitality of Asia, even sea vitality and land vitality at the same time, but they are without any question by this point-- with the decline of the Spanish empire, which begins before this course-- the Dutch and the English.

我们先不考虑亚洲大量的贸易活动,包括同时的陆上和海上贸易,在十七世纪之前,随着西班牙帝国的衰退,欧洲最大的贸易实体,毫无疑问是荷兰和英国

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The Dutch Seaborne Empire, by C.

ECONOMIST: Millennium issue