Changes in the money supply affect the level of economic activity and the interest rate.

货币供给的变化影响经济活动水平和利率。

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As this risk premium varies, it might overwhelm the effects of interest-rate changes.

由于风险的不同，风险因素可能压倒利率变化因素。

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On the other hand, the income effects of interest-rate changes do not work in only one direction.

另一方面，利率变动对收入的影响方向并不唯一。

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The other major changes is the interest rate is going to a fixed interest rate of 6.8 percent, which, in the immediate right now is going to be an increase in the rates that students pay.

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These are unleveraged rates, which mean that with 10 times leverage, for example, net of any exchange rate changes, the interest income would be that much higher.

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The chief advantage is that this outlaws any national discretion in the conduct of monetary policy: interest rates and the money supply adjust automatically to changes in economic circumstances, with the exchange rate totally fixed.

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