Operant conditioning concerns the relationship between the behavior of organisms and their environment.
即由个体的操作行为而形成的条件作用。
Reciprocal altruistic behavior exists not only among organisms but also in the society, but it has been hard to explain the altruistic behavior of organisms to the classical natural selection theory.
互惠利他行为是生物有机体乃至人类社会普遍存在的一种现象，经典的自然选择学说难以解释生物有机体的这类行为。
According to the reciprocity theory, the reciprocal altruistic behavior refers to the behavior of two organisms which exchange fitness costs and benefits.
互惠理论指出，互惠利他行为是指两个有机体之间相互交换适合度代价和利益的行为。
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