The reader pulls up a ten-digit signature code, created for that particular sale or cash withdrawal, and debits or loads the card with the appropriate amount of money.
Those sales weren't limited to aging hippies who've never powered up a computer: Roughly nine of every ten LPs sold included a digital download code for the same album.
In March 2012, the Allen Institute for Brain Science embarked upon a ten-year project to understand the neural code: how brain activity leads to perception, decision making, and ultimately action.