Non-surveying and mapping professional students face knowledge narrow, technical obsolescence, operational capacity less problems.
非测绘专业的学生面临知识面窄，技术陈旧，操作能力较差的问题。
At first, it determines the rate of obsolescence of technical knowledge and R&D lagged time with the ways that compute the stock of technical knowledge in foreign countries.
根据国外技术知识存量的计算方法，确定了技术知识的陈腐化率和R&D时间滞后。
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