What he means, for instance, in this case is well, talking to yourself is self-reinforcing or giving bad news to an enemy is reinforcing because it makes your enemy feel bad.

比如在这个例子中，他的意思其实是，自言自语是种自我强化行为,而向敌人散布坏消息也是一种强化,因为这样做可以使敌人感到不快。

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He's gone from talking about self-deportation to saying there will be no massive rounding up and deportations of undocumented people.

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Recently its prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has also engaged robustly in Middle Eastern diplomacy, mediating between Syria and Israel, talking to Iran and keeping a beady eye on the aspirations for self-rule of the Kurds of northern Iraq.

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"Anti-depressants do play a part but we tend to use a raft of different measures including talking groups and more recently self-help books, " Dr MacMoreland added.

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