That's what you need for a phalanx, because to maintain the integrity of the hoplite line, you can't have bumps and grooves, and trees and rivers in the way; it will break things up.

而是方阵作战所必备的条件,为了维持重装步兵队列的完整性,就不能在坑坑洼洼,有树林有河流的地方布阵,这会把方阵打散

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The most extreme critics of the traditional point of view would say over centuries, that you don't get the full-blown hoplite phalanx that I will be describing to you, even until you get the fifth century B.C.

对传统观点批判最激烈的一种观点,认为这一新型战术,是经过数百年,甚至到了公元前五世纪,才逐渐发展成熟的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

What I was going to say is that you could, at least theoretically, strike with your spear in a overhand manner or you could strike with it in an underhand manner, the only thing is I don't know how you do that underhand when you're in the middle of a phalanx.

我要说的是,士兵们能够,至少从理论上来说,可以自上而下地刺矛,也可以这样自下而上地刺矛,我不太清楚在方阵中,士兵们怎么能够自下而上地刺矛

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Many proposals--like the one allowing companies to recoup taxes on profits earned in the last five years, rather that just in the last two years as the law stands now--tend to favor large businesses with a phalanx of lawyers to parse those loopholes, a luxury most small companies can't afford.

FORBES: Entrepreneurs