Designers and builders of enterprise systems, the software engineers, are familiar with static frameworks, but not with dynamic frameworks.

企业系统的设计者和构建者——软件工程师——熟悉静态框架，但是对动态框架却很陌生。

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System designers model computer systems using levels of abstraction.

系统设计师使用抽象层次为计算机系统建模。

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Therefore, the mission of the system architects and designers is to integrate the two initially-disconnected systems.

因此，系统架构师和设计人员的任务就是将这两个最初相分离的系统集成在一起。

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It incorporates novel hardware and software systems that their designers hope can prove their worth in orbit and go on to win export orders.

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Peter Lipton of the University of Cambridge, who ponders such matters, suggests that such expert systems could indeed be held morally responsible for the consequences of their actions (although the designers of such systems would not necessarily be off the hook).

ECONOMIST: Computing and biology

The one big difference between spinning disk and Flash-based systems is spinning disk controller designers never worried about wearing disk out, so there is inefficiencies in how the applications are written.

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