The voltage ratio is derived and the system closed-loop control is realized with PI regulator.

从理论上推导了电压传输比，采用PI调节器实现了系统的闭环控制。

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The control law makes the system closed-loop stable, and the gain of the system for the disturbance input will be limited under a scheduled upper - bound.

该控制律使系统闭环稳定，且系统对扰动输入的增益不超过某一人为设定的上界。

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A closed system would be, for instance, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, with the lid on top.

一个封闭系统可以是，比如说，一杯放了一个冰块的冰水，顶上加了盖子。

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Its first success was the iPod, and Apple leveraged this to create an iPlatform, an ecosystem built around its closed operating system and closed products.

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But I think the key thing, though, is that Chad has a closed political system and it has had a closed political system since long before Deby came to power.

NPR: Chad Conflict Stirs Global Response

The Penn State scandal was not about what Jerry Sandusky did, but about the system that closed ranks behind him.

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