Studies of grammaticalization can be conducted either from a synchronic perspective or a diachronic perspective.
语法化研究可以从历时和共时两个角度进行。
The synchronic comparison and diachronic studies of Tunbu dialect and the dialect in its surrounding area indicate that Tunbu dialect has its unique tonal characteristics.
屯堡方言与周边方言声调的共时比较和历时追溯表明：屯堡方言与周边方言声调的区别特征主要体现在调值及入声的归并上。
Based on the synchronic description, this article highlighted the diachronic studies and analysis.
全文以共时描写为基础，突出历时考察和分析。
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