Between locations that exchange large volumes of data - say, Los Angeles and New York City - flow switching would establish a dedicated path across the network.

在两个需要进行大量数据交换的地点之间——比如洛杉矶和纽约——流交换会在网络上建立一条专用链路。

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NASDAQ plans to open its own options market, if it does not buy one (it has held talks with the Philadelphia exchange, which has had some success switching from stocks to options).

纳斯达克计划开设自己的期权市场，如果不能买一个的话——它已经与费城交易所展开谈判。 费城交易所成功实现了从股票到期权的转型。

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Exchange service is a service permitting interconnection of any two customers' stations through the use of switching equipment.

交换服务是一种允许任何两个用户站使用交换设备互连的业务。

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Thus they cannot be avoided by switching to exchange traded funds ( ETFs) or an index fund with lower disclosed expenses.

FORBES: Getting Over Index Investing With A Better Way

According to the lawsuit, Novartis found it was highly profitable to pay pharmacies even 10 percent to 20 percent kickbacks in exchange for switching transplant patients.

WSJ: NY lawsuit accuses Novartis of health care fraud

The other involves kickbacks in the form of rebates and discounts to at least 20 pharmacies in exchange for switching transplant patients from rival medicines to its Myfortic immunosuppressant treatment ( back story).

FORBES: Did Novartis Violate Its Corporate Integrity Agreement?