At the primary stage, it advanced slowly. Before 1970 its applications were in the fields of nuclear physics, electro-vacuum, surface science etc.
它在初期进展较缓慢,在1970年以前,分子泵的应用还仅限于核物理、电真空、表面科学等领域。
参考来源 - 分子泵的世纪回顾与展望 Review and prospects for a century of molecular pump·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
以上来源于: WordNet
Chemistry, Tribology, Adsorption and Surface Science.
化学,摩擦学,吸附和表面科学。
On the other hand, most effects of electron emission can be used to probe a solid surface, giving more information to the building up of surface science.
另一方面,各种形式的电子发射可用作探测固体表面的手段,对建立表面科学提供更多的信息。
The multiply charged ions (MCI) play an important role in those fields, such as atom and molecule physics, surface science, plasma physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysical.
多重离化态离子在原子分子物理、表面科学、等离子体物理、核物理以及天体物理中,扮演着重要角色。
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