This paper tries to explore the existence utilitarian spirit of piety morality before Qin Dynasty through it's surface phenomena.

本文试图透过先秦孝道之表象，探求其蕴含的生存功利精神。

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Surface phenomena are ubiquitous in the natural world, from everyday life to the industrial and agricultural production. The origin of all surface phenomena was the surface tension.

表面现象是自然界普遍存在的现象，从日常生活到工农业生产几乎到处都涉及到各种表面现象，表面现象皆因表面张力而起。

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The phenomena have rattled seismologists for sometime, as the microquakes can often occur hours after the surface waves have past.

这种现象曾经让地震学家们感到很困惑，因为一般面波过去数小时之后微震才会发生。

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Still, pinpointing which specific phenomena may have reshaped Titan's surface is a tricky task.

MSN: Saturn's moon Titan may have seen Earth-like erosion

Many of them question whether cultural phenomena, including destruction layers, cultural-piercing features (man-made structures displaced by surface rupturing, e.g. viaducts), structural damage to buildings, indications of repairs, historical accounts and myths can be reliably used as earthquake indicators.

UNESCO: Tales set in Stone: learning from ancient earthquakes