This thesis is based on the situation of Shi Rengou iron Mine managed by Tangshan Iron & Steel Company, and makes a study of simulation optimization on waste-rock disposal of surface mines.

以唐钢石人沟铁矿为背景，进行露天矿岩石排弃的模拟优化研究。

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Russia mines some in territorial waters in the Gulf of Finland and several other countries hold exploration licences, but bringing them to the surface has never become economic.

俄罗斯矿业在芬兰海湾的领海内和其他几个国家都持有勘探证，但将这些矿物开采到地面上经济上还不具可行性。

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Where oil sands are close to the surface, they are extracted in large open pit mines.

那里的油砂离地表很近，可以从巨大的露天矿井里直接抽出来。

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David Bolton, surface mines manager for UK Coal, said the disruption caused by the protest had halted work for three hours, costing the company "thousands of pounds".

BBC: Protester charged after Wrekin mine disruption

The company operates three surface coal mines in the Powder Region Basin (PRB) located in Montana and Wyoming, which is the lowest cost major coal producing region in the U.S. CLD also owns a 50% interest in Decker mine, which is also located in the PRB.

FORBES: Chinese Demand Will Drive This Wyoming Coal Stock

Freeport has been ramping up operations at its underground mines amid declining surface production.

WSJ: Indonesian Mine Death Toll Rises, Miners Still Trapped