The stress required for producing internal crack decreases since there are loci of cracks in the slab caused by the surface crack, so the longitudinal cracks from inner to surface form easily.
由于铸坯表面裂纹形成的裂纹灶，降低了产生内裂所需要的应力值，易于形成内、外相连的纵裂。
The existence of closed geodesic lines (oscillate loci) is proved. Although there are infinite closed loci on the surface of scatterer, they yield same result in determining SEM poles.
本文给出了闭合测地线，即振荡轨迹的存在性，证明了这种闭合轨迹虽有无穷多条，但就确定SEM极点来说是等价的。
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