The measured undestructivly theory for the surface energy level and the surface state density of semiconductors fay the method of photovoltages at changed temperatures is reported.

本文报道了应用变温光伏方法对半导体表面能级，表面态密度的非破坏性测量原理。

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When a photon strikes the surface, it excites an electron to a higher energy level, which is specific to the material.

当光子照射到材料表面时，电子受到光子的激发由一个能级跳到更高的能级上，而这些能级对材料来说是特定的。

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By means of DSC, the results of investigation showed that the level of surface energy of flaked Ag powder was correlated with physical state.

通过示差扫描量热计(dsc)分析证明，片状银粉表面能量大小与粉末的物理状态有关。

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This decreased level of reflectivity, or albedo, allowed the surface to absorb more energy from the Sun.

BBC: Human activities have left a visible mark on the Arctic