XPS applied to study the surface element content changes before and after the copolymer added.
利用X光电子能谱（XPS）研究共聚物添加前后在煤粉表面元素含量的变化；
To find the surface element together with a normal vector, I would just take the cross-product between these guys.
为了找到带法向量的面元，我就取这两个的叉积。
Vector dS is a vector which points perpendicular to the surface and whose length corresponds to the surface element.
向量dS与曲面垂直,并且它的长度与面积元素有关。
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