Someday computers could even make superfluous a few of those million-dollar-a-year block traders manning banks of telephones.

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The industry, however, viewed another organization for cybersecurity issues as a superfluous layer of bureaucracy, a telecom official said.

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What made sense for the Grove with its reputation and targeted services to promote may be a superfluous cost for simpler stores who can make do with a stripped-down mobile version of their website.

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