The major part of summer pruning is the upper half of crowns of apple trees.

夏季修剪的主要部位是树冠的上半部。

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Summer pruning devitalises the tree on an extent and consequently reduces excessive vigour.

夏剪能在一定程度上减弱植株的生命力，从而削弱过分的生长势。

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Measures for protection to frost are proposed, including selecting favorable topography and frost-resistant cultivars, smoking and summer pruning.

提出预防霜冻的措施，主要包括：选择有利地形、选择抗霜冻品种、采取熏烟和夏季修剪等措施。

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The researchers advise growers to investigate the effects of thinning or pruning to reduce the number of fruit in early summer of the on-crop year.

VOA: special.2009.11.10