This rule applies whether or not under prior law the claimant, s contributory fault constituted a defense or was disregarded under applicable legal doctrines, such as last clear chance.

无论受害人助成过失根据此前法律是否构成抗辩事由，或者基于适用类似“最后清楚机会”等法律原则而不被考虑，本规则均适用。

youdao

Absent precise language in a contract spelling out contingencies, courts use such doctrines as force majeure to decide whether the contract is still valid.

FORBES: Collateral Damage

She wasn't scared, and she never really deviated from such doctrines.

WSJ: What Would Margaret Thatcher Do?

And it has given rise to detailed pedagogical doctrines, such as the Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving Process, which is frequently employed by business consultants.

NEWYORKER: Groupthink