They must also know the two languages (or dialects) fluently, at all linguistic levels, and they must avoid all the usual translation traps such as false friends and literal translations.
他们必须能非常流利地运用这两种语言(或方言)，并且必须克服那些容易误译和直译的难点。
Chinese words found in English are mostly direct borrowings - for example, buzheteng, literal translation running dog - and blending, such as "taikonaut", the word for a Chinese astronaut.
英文中的中文词汇大多是直接借用的，比如“buzheteng”就是“不折腾”的直译，“走狗”翻译成“running dog”。 另外还有混合构词的，像“taikonaut”指的是“中国宇航员”。
This paper also discusses the basic problems in translation such as literal and liberal translation.
本文对翻译中的基本问题如直译或意译问题也作了探讨。
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