Factors such as mode of substrate feeding, intracellular ethanol accumulation, temperature and osmotic pressure all contribute to the ethanol tolerance of yeast.

流加培养基的方式、胞内酒精积累、温度和渗透压等因素均与酵母的酒精耐性有关。

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We also discussed the relations among the guided mode resonance, grating layer thickness, substrate thickness, and the incident Angle.

并对导模共振与光栅厚度、基底厚度以及入射角的关系作了讨论。

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The technique of leaky mode is applied to liquid crystal whose refractive index is smaller than that of the substrate.

在液晶折射率小于衬底折射率的条件下，利用漏模技术测量液晶的折射率以及液晶盒的厚度。

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