MFN clause generally applies to the substantive problem.
最惠国待遇条款一般适用于实体问题。
参考来源 - 最惠国条款适用于争端解决程序事项问题研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
It could apply one or more theories to a substantive problem already well known to the student (and thus requiring no further research), as a vehicle toward a critique of the theoretical arguments.
学生可将一个或以上的理论应用到一个已知的实际问题(因此不需再作研究)，以此来评论该理论。
Ignoring the analysis on institution, research to the informal financial problem can only stay in the superficial stage, there is no substantive meaning.
离开了对制度的分析，对于非正式金融问题只能停留在表面现象的研究，没有实质性的意义。
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