The researchers said it is particularly harmful for one-year-olds, because they could get injured and are "unlikely to understand the connection between their behavior and subsequent punishment".

研究人员称体罚对一岁左右的孩子伤害尤其巨大，可能因此受伤，而且“明白不了自身行为和所受惩罚之间的关系。”

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Former Sale forward Peter Anglesea was handed a 12-month ban for eye-gouging in 2001, though his punishment was overturned by a subsequent Rugby Football Union disciplinary hearing.

BBC: White denies eye-gouging claims