Recently, the concept of student learning outcomes is introduced into the program specifications in the European Union and the United States, which was mainly used in the Education Psychology area.

近年来，在欧盟国家和美国，一种原来主要在教育心理学领域研究的“学习结果”这个概念，被逐步引入本科生的专业培养方案之中。

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It looks like it works at reducing special education teacher costs but not in improving student learning outcomes.

FORBES: There Are No Silver-Bullets in Education Reform

In SMILE, the quality of the student-generated question is the evidence of learning outcomes, not test scores.

UNESCO: Education

Moving from a policy environment that rewards inputs like seat time to one that values student outcomes in a competency-based learning environment is critical to create smarter demand.

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