Long-term effects are primarily mediated by changes in tree species composition and the consequent alterations of forest structure, productivity, and nutrient uptake.

长期影响主要是由树种组成的变化以及随之而来的森林结构、生产力和养分吸收的变化所导致的。

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Natural forest stand structure of Pinus tabulaeformis was studied.

对油松天然林的林分结构进行了研究。

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Built back before the civil war, Grace Episcopal Church is a stone and stucco structure out in the middle of nowhere surrounded by forest and fields.

格雷斯国教教堂是在南北战争之前建造的，位于一个远离人烟的地方，是岩石和灰泥结构，教堂的周围环绕着森林和农田。

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Ultimately, higher tree mortality may lead to significant shifts in forest structure and function, the report states.

CNN: Global warming threatens forests, study says

They will record plant species, forest structure, ash cover, soil properties, river sediment and the overall topography of the burned area.

ECONOMIST: A 30-year plan to study America��s ecology is about to begin

Professing to be an architectural icon in a liveable city core, this giant structure, purported to be the largest wood structure in the world, is best described as a forest of mushrooms welded onto a flying waffle.

BBC: Seville goes green