However, since the financial crisis, to which hedge funds are held partially responsible for, more stringent regulation is often demanded.

然而，由于金融危机，对冲基金持有部分责任，更严格的监管往往是要求。

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Banks such as JPMorgan Chase, which face more-stringent regulation (relatively) than investment Banks, such as the pre-2008 Goldman Sachs, have a debt-to-equity ratio of 13-to-1 or so.

和投资银行比——如2008年前的高盛——像摩根大通这样的银行则被严格监管，它的债权比(杠杆率)只有13：1左右。

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In America, for example, landfills containing household rubbish are subject to stringent regulation, whereas ones filled with toxic sludge from power plants are less tightly controlled.

例如在美国，生活垃圾的填埋受到了严格的监管，而对填埋电厂产生的有毒煤泥的控制却很松。

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One UK based distributor, called VIP, says over stringent regulation could see them go out of business.

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This is why banks, which face more stringent regulation than do other financial firms, look askance at salespeople on big commissions.

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In such cases, stringent regulation might hinder the adoption of technology by existing firms, or restrict the entry of new high-tech firms.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus