Other risk factors are repeatedly putting stress on a joint or having an earlier injury.

VOA: special.2010.05.19

Studies using a simulator to mimic the stress put on the joint in real life show the ceramic head remains smooth and undamaged throughout the lifetime of the joint.

BBC: Image of the ceramic on metal replacement

Houghton also likes to stress that Corning has additional strengths in two old but highly successful joint ventures.

FORBES: The Trials Of Amory Houghton Jr.

That can cause joint static paint, which can then apparently lead to Repetitive Stress Injury.

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