Different cytoplasmic effect on out-crossing characters mainly show on exserted stigma of CMS lines.

不同细胞质对不育系异交习性的影响主要表现在柱头外露率的差异上。

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Smokers face tax increases, bans, health concerns and social stigma worldwide, but the effect of those on cigarette demand generally is less stark outside the United States.

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He said it would definitely have had a chilling effect on them seeking or continuing treatment because of confidentiality and overcoming the stigma of getting treatment for mental injuries.

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And third, by failing to breast-feed, a mother in many parts of Africa is in effect announcing that she has the virus, and thus exposing herself to both stigma and discrimination.

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