The theories distinguish themselves from the isolated, static comparative study of the texts in a new, dynamic and descriptive way to conduct translation studies.
这就给翻译研究开辟了一条描述性的、面向译语系统的新途径，推动了中国翻译学研究的文学转向。
Curriculum can be perceived not only as static curriculum texts, but also as dynamic curriculum activities.
课程不只是静态的课程文本，更重要的是动态的课程活动。
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