无套利原理的简单数学阐释，主要应用的是两个方法：一个是状态价格（STATE PRICE），即在离散时间的下一期，拥有1或者0的或有索取权的证券（称为阿罗-德布鲁证券）的价格，另一种方法，就是风险中性概率(risk-neu...
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state price density process 状态价格密度过程
adapted state price process 适应要求的状态定价过程
state-price 状态价格
state price process 状态价格过程
state price density 状态价格密度
state price adjustment 国家调整价格
the state price density spd 状态价格密度
Disclosing State Price Secrets 泄露国家价格机密
Assuming the agent’s consumption must exceed the habit formation, under the restriction of no bankruptcy, get the conclusion that the optimal policy is influenced by the agent’s history consumption, real disposable income and state price density ( ).
在假定个人消费必须大于消费习惯,即当个人消费小于消费习惯时,效用为负无穷的条件及不破产的约束条件下,分析得到最优政策受到个人历史消费、个人实际可支配收入、状态价格密度等的影响。
参考来源 - 存在税收的最优消费和投资组合研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
The rises led the Commerce Ministry to add 16 items to those under state price controls including drinking water, water pumps and candles.
食物价格的上涨，导致泰国商业部增列16种商品，为管制价格项目，包括饮水，抽水机和蜡烛。
That makes it more likely that the price of state support for zombie companies will be that bondholders take write-downs along with shareholders, in order to protect taxpayers and policy holders.
这样一来，国家为支持那些僵尸公司所付出的代价就很可能是债券持有者与股东需要同时背书来保护纳税人和投保人。
Should the state prohibit price gouging, even if doing so interferes with the freedom of buyers and sellers to make whatever deals they choose?
即便会影响到求购者与出售者之间达成交易的自由，国家也应该严禁价格欺诈吗？
The price of a smoke varies widely across the United States, because each state sets the tax imposed on the retail sale of a pack of cigarettes.
VOA: standard.2010.08.11
These are phony claims meant to divide us,". In the Republican Party response, Congressman Tom Price from the Southern state of Georgia says Mr.Obama is not telling the exact truth about health care.
VOA: standard.2009.08.22
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