What is particularly characteristic of classical Athens, however, is the focus of definitions of civilization on the polis, the city-state.

什么是古代雅典所特有的型格，或者说，是对于城邦和城邦文明释义的关键。

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Aristotle lived at the virtual cusp of the world of the autonomous city-state of the Greek polis.

亚里士多德住在可说是希腊城邦世界中,最顶尖的自治城市。

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The polis is not merely a city state in the same way as,let us say, the Mesopotamian city states of the third millennium B.C. Were.

那就是城邦不仅仅是一座城市,并不是像,我们说的公元前三千年的,美索不达米亚的城市

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And though you see there's something, you know-- I've been making the case that a polis is a different thing from any other city state.

尽管你了解了一些,你知道,我一直在说,城邦和其他城市国家是不同的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选