The second part is bout the option - GARCH method modeling: compared with history method, option-GARCH method improved B-S price formula regarding to standard deviation supposition.

第二部分介绍模型历史回顾：采用比较分析方法介绍目前国际上流行的几种计量方法，重点分析介绍了基于期权定价方法的结构模型。

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If it is a normal distribution, standard deviation (s) is observed.

若是正态分布，则进一步观察标准差。

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There is no significant difference between the result of the method and that of micro-Kjeldahl′s method according tot test. The relative standard deviation is 3.1%.

经t检验证明，该方法的测定结果与微量凯氏定氮法无显著差异，测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%。

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That's got the lowest possible standard deviation of expected return and that's 25% stocks and 75% bonds with this sample period.

这个组合预期回报的标准差最小,在这一点上，投资组合,由25%的股票和75%的债券构成。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Let's suppose that all of them are the same-- they all have the same standard deviation.

我们假设这些资产的收益率标准差-,均相等。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

If there's a large standard deviation it would be spread.

如果标准偏差值很大,那么它就比较分散。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

If you rank the countries of the world in terms of the academic performance of their schoolchildren, the U.S. is just below average, half a standard deviation below a clump of relatively high-performing countries like Canada and Belgium.

NEWYORKER: Most Likely to Succeed

We sought to account for the variations of baseball's different eras with the tried and true tool of standard deviation, which allowed us to look past raw win totals to measure the degree to which a team stood above the pack in a given season.

FORBES: Magazine Article

It's lost 0.3% a year over three years with a standard deviation of 14%.

FORBES: Magazine Article