Shrubs and spruce that previously couldn't take root on the permafrost now dot the landscape, potentially altering the habitat of the native animals.

此前无法植根于冻土的灌木和云杉也星星点点的开始生存于该地区，逐渐地改变了当地动物的生存环境。

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Native Americans introduced the sap of the spruce tree to early European settlers in New England.

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Tree species such as larch, spruce and pine will be felled and replaced by native varieties such as oak, hazel, rowan, alder and holly.

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