Somatic mutation, a main biological phenomenon of citrus and other fruits, is often used for breeding as a major variation source. Spontaneous mutations often occur in citrus.

体细胞突变是柑橘等果树比较常见的生物学现象，也是品种选育，即芽变选种的主要变异来源。

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Making full use of mutant mice as research models requires correct characterization of the phenotypes that result from induced or spontaneous genetic mutations.

要充分利用突变小鼠作为研究模式，则需要诱发突变或自发基因突变之正确基因表现型特征。

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That is far more than could be explained by spontaneous mutations, which suggests the malfunctioning genes are doing some good.

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The team was particularly interested in spontaneous mutations: Those that are not present in either parent, so must arise spontaneously in the sperm, egg, or in the embryo.

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At least 10% of childhood heart defects are tied to spontaneous genetic mutations, a study said.

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