And excessive levels of entrusted agency will lead to the decrease of agency efficiency, the control by inner people and the spillover of cost.
代理层次过多导致国有商业银行代理效率损耗、内部人控制和成本外溢。
The theories of transaction cost, resource, knowledge spillover and synergy are deployed to analyze the causes of the collective learning.
采用交易费用理论、资源观理论、知识外溢性理论和协同理论对集体学习的动因进行分析。
Pollution is. a common form of external cost, a spillover effect of production which uses up other resources by degrading them.
污染是外在成本的共同形式，污染是商品耗费完这个资源又把这个资源退化，生成排放物的结果。
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