A solar spike seen on the morning of December 7th in Allegan, Michigan. The sight id caused by wintery ice crystals in the Earth's upper atmosphere refracting light from the sun.

日柱，摄于12月7日的早晨，密西根州阿勒甘地区。它是由地球大气层顶部冰晶体折射太阳光而形成的。

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The rocks were wet on the side that faced the sun and glazed with ice in the shade; between one rock spike and the next were pockets of wet snow where we sank up to our shoulders.

旁边面对太阳的岩石潮湿，阴凉处的冰雪显得十分光滑；岩峰与岩峰之间是一直没到我们的肩部的潮湿的雪穴。

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A metal spike with a hole for a rope; mountaineers drive it into ice or rock to use as a hold.

有系绳子的孔的金属钉；登山运动员把它楔入冰里或岩石里当作把手。

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But if that is true, then the methane spike at the end of the ice age must have been caused by something else.

ECONOMIST: Methane and climate change

As land repeatedly surfaced and receded, the remains of marine creatures got mixed up with those of terrestrials, forming one big Ice Age graveyard: sea cows, prehistoric sharks, spike-tailed armadillos the size of refrigerators.

NEWYORKER: Bones of Contention

Mark Maslin of the Environmental Change Research Centre at University College, London, believes that the spike was caused mainly by emissions from tropical wetlands and peat bogs that formed as the ice retreated.

ECONOMIST: Methane and climate change