By comparison, minor physical problems such as speech defects resulted in a three percent pay hit.

相比之下，比较次要的生理问题(比如语言能力缺陷)所导致的收入减少比例仅为3%。

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Not only do these require a thorough understanding of the spoken word, but also require much work on improving speech defects.

这不仅需要深入了解口语发音，更需要努力改善语音缺陷。

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As a result, babies with untreated cleft lip and palate will not only develop speech defects and psychological problems later in life, but also form habits which become very hard to eliminate.

进而会影响唇颚裂的婴儿在日后生活的讲话缺陷和心理问题，而且还会因为形成习惯而变得非常难以消除。

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