A verification specification is required to maintain the transformation's integrity in light of downstream changes.
依据下游的变更，要维持转换的完整性就需要一个验证规范。
In particular, the specification of the semantics (or meaning) of the UML modeling concepts remained inadequate for such MDD-oriented activities as automatic code generation or formal verification.
特别是，UML建模概念的语义(或含义)的规范，对这些作为自动代码生成或正式确认的基于MDD的活动仍旧是不适当的。
These achievements include the axiomatization of programming languages and data types, formal verification, and formal specification and analysis.
这些贡献包括编程语言和数据类型的公理化，形式验证，形式规约与分析。
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