there are specific exemptions for “risk-mitigating hedging activities, liquidity commitments and bona fide market-making”.

“减少套头交易的风险，流动资产的托付和真诚的作价买卖”都有特定的豁免税额。

youdao

'You shouldn't just make exemptions for certain countries,' said the Pakistani official. 'You need a criteria-based approach, not a country-specific approach.'

上述巴基斯坦官员说，你不应该仅仅为某些国家开特例，你需要一种依据标准、而不是因国家而异的做法。

youdao

Several exemptions exist for exporters and importers and specific industries.

在进出口和特殊行业，有免税政策。

youdao

The phase out would begin a little more than a year from now, but there also would be specific exemptions for five years on some construction uses in buildings.

NPR: Nations Agree To New Chemical Ban, Export Controls

Since 1997, the EPA has granted a dozen exemptions to the rule for specific auto manufacturing facilities across the U.S., which has considerably increased the use of aluminum in the automobile industry.

FORBES: Why Aluminum May Glow Like Gold